Is child disenfranchisement justified?

Justified Knowledge is Sufficient

Three formal approaches to public knowledge are “any fool” knowledge by McCarthy (1970), Common Knowledge by Halpern and Moses (1990), and Justified Knowledge by Artemov (2004). We compare them to mathematically address the observation that the light-weight systems of Justified Knowledge and ‘any fool knows’ suffice to solve standard epistemic puzzles for which heavier solutions based on Common...

Is Commodity - Dependence Pessimism Justified ?

Is knowledge justified true belief?

Is knowledge justified true belief? Most philosophers believe that the answer is clearly ‘no’, as demonstrated by Gettier cases. But Gettier cases don’t obviously refute the traditional view that knowledge is justified true belief (JTB). There are ways of resisting Gettier cases, at least one of which is partly successful. Nevertheless, when properly understood, Gettier cases point to a flaw in...

When is a further clinical trial justified?

High quality randomised trials provide unbiased estimates of the effects of health interventions, but the findings of a single trial are rarely conclusive. Usually data from several similar trials must be pooled together to draw firm conclusions about the effectiveness of an intervention. This article considers how to determine whether data from existing trials are conclusive and, if not, wheth...

Cycle helmets--when is legislation justified?

The issue of mandatory cycle helmets is highly contentious. The aim of this paper is not to argue for or against legislation but to suggest criteria on which the debate should focus. This is done by attempting to answer the question: 'What criteria must be met before cycle helmet wearing is enforced?' Consideration is given to principles, precedents and consequences and four criteria are sugges...